Abundance-driven processes best predict butterfly-plant networks across disturbance levels

Phenology becomes important in croplands with concentrated floral resources

Generalist butterflies maintain consistent roles despite habitat modification

Network nestedness persists but weighted interactions show different patterns

Network structure persists while underlying assembly mechanisms shift with land-use

The edges of Atlantic Forest fragments are usually dominated by native climbers and invasive grasses.

Climbers are often overlooked in forest surveys.

Climbers provide protection against invasive grasses.

Control or removal of climbers must be meticulously analyzed before execution.

Strict PAs (I–IV) are concentrated in higher, steeper, and more irregular terrains.

Less strict PAs (V–VI) show weaker topographic residuality.

Protection increases sharply at high elevations and steep slopes.

Topographic biases persist through time with no signs of correction.

Fire in slash-and-burn agriculture clears land but wastes most forest nutrients.

Ash increases soil nutrients but fertilization is short-term and surface-limited.

Fire promotes weed control but also hinders succession and forest recovery.

Fire-driven nutrient losses emit gases, fueling climate change.

Slash-and-burn agriculture increases wildfire risk, biodiversity loss, and soil damage.

Roads threaten biodiversity, but how they shape (meta)community structure through community assembly processes is unclear.

We discussed how roads can affect compositional change by shaping community assembly processes and their interactions.

We used the BR-319 highway in the Amazon as an example.

We suggest new approaches using simple causal diagrams and a specific sampling design to guide future studies on the impact of roads.

Understanding interactions among ecological processes and their role in (meta)community dynamics could help develop effective conservation.

Landscape configuration outweighed composition in shaping phytophagous scarab beetle diversity

Regeneration areas showed lower functional evenness than other land-cover types.

Taxonomic beta diversity was dominated by species turnover.

Functional beta diversity was mainly driven by nestedness.

Altitude and fragment isolation shaped richness across landscape contexts.

Large carnivores’ presence was associated with higher scavenger diversity and evenness in the Patagonian steppe.

Dominant scavengers were associated with lower guild evenness through carcass monopolization.

Livestock pressure was associated with variation in scavenger assemblages.

Species identity and management context shaped scavenger guild structure.

Patagonia supported a high richness of carrion-associated vertebrate (41 species).

117 feral dogs were identified in groups of up to nine individuals, with breeding hotspots observed in the south region.

Dog detections increased 226% over 5 years, while chilla foxes fell 66%. The endangered culpeo fox was never recorded.

Diurnal activity peaks in the morning and evening, with moderate-high temporal overlapping with guanacos.

Chases and attacks on guanacos were recorded, as well as individuals with clear injuries caused by dogs.

Forest patches may provide key refuge for sustenance and breeding.