The use of signs and tracks can detect ungulate species as efficiently as camera traps.

Common species such as deer and agouti are detected efficiently by both methods.

Body mass and sociability have little influence on the detection of mammals and birds by local hunters.

Signals can contribute to monitoring species with large home ranges and vagility, such as the White-lipped Peccary.

The use of signals requires greater sampling effort to reduce variation in detection rates.

Overall anthropization decreases with increasing slope and elevation.

Anthropization is strongly constrained by slope; elevation effects are moderate and variable.

Farming drives most anthropization and follows overall constraints.

Urbanization responds to slope and ecoregions but not to elevation.

Protected areas are concentrated in steeper terrain.

Strong spatial differences in mangrove organic sources due to the Amazon River.

Autochthonous carbon predominates (>54%) in estuarine mangroves.

Allochthonous carbon makes up 34–38% of surface soil organic carbon.

Mangroves in deltaic settings have a 30% lower restoration value.

ES were mapped across the Atlantic Forest, a highly diverse and threatened biome.

Trade-offs were found between provisioning and regulating services

Three ES bundles were identified, varying in composition and spatial distribution.

Spatial patterns of ES associations reflect socio-ecological gradients in the biome.

ES bundles contribute to policy decisions and environmental management.

Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change, rising sea levels and coastal infrastructure development.

PEC 3/2022 aims to reform the Brazilian Law to transfer ownership of part of the coastal areas, currently under federal jurisdiction, to the Brazilian states and municipalities.

Public opposition to PEC 3/2022 has been surprisingly strong in comparison to other antienvironment regulations proposed recently.

Amid these legal and political debates, the Rights of Nature (RoN) framework emerges as a potential tool for strengthening marine ecosystem protection.

RoN implementation requires more than legal reform: it needs broad coalitions, including public mobilization and democratic engagement.

Anthropogenic climate change threatens biodiversity and accelerates extinction risk.

Poorly known species are traditionally omitted from the climate change agenda.

We present an integrative framework to assess the vulnerability of poorly known species.

Most poorly known species will show increasing vulnerability by 2070.

Our low-cost techniques help complement existing extinction risk assessments.

Current policies isolate biomes, overlooking crucial ecological interdependencies

Biomes are linked by cross-boundary processes like water cycles and migrations

Isolated biome approaches limit conservation success and ecological understanding

An integrated strategy recognizing biome links is needed for robust conservation

Habitat loss negatively impacts the specialist lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus.

Specialist lizard abundance responds to landscape composition at multiple scales.

The generalist lizard Liolaemus wiegmannii shows tolerance to fragmented habitats.

Small-scale patch complexity drives generalist lizard abundance.

Exotic tree encroachment degrades specialist lizard habitat quality.

Forest cover determines bee species number in cocoa agroforests

Shade tree diversity influences bee species composition

The intensity of management may favor the number of wasp species

Advance in invasion science is needed considering the mounting cross-cutting impacts

Aligning with global frameworks would foster coordinated national response

A national center would bridge science, policy, and management gaps

Open data sharing and early detection are critical to reduce response delays

Education and public engagement are key to long-term biosecurity capacity