We reviewed changes in human-nature connectedness linked to 6 environmental activities.

Human-nature connectedness increased most after mindfulness and wildlife encounters.

Human-nature connectedness increased most after activities carried out over 2–7 days.

Changes in human-nature connectedness did not vary between adults and children.

Activities facilitated by conservation organisations foster human-nature connectedness.

Irregular funding in Brazil fosters ECR brain drain, hindering biodiversity research.

Delays fuel research attrition and deepen inequities in conservation science.

Disrupted research threatens Brazil’s environmental leadership.

Streamlined funding can reduce financial insecurity and attrition among ECRs.

Stable funding strengthens research quality and supports Brazil’s conservation goals.

Human-Wildlife Conflicts with iconic mammals in Brazil are highlighted.

Main conflicts are divided between shared and spared landscapes.

Calls for inclusive, community-driven paths to foster coexistence.

Mitigation measures across species and landscapes are presented.

Brazil harbors high fungal diversity, much of it still undocumented.

Fungi have long been overlooked in national biodiversity conservation policies.

Recent policy change enables a turning point for fungal conservation in Brazil.

Inclusion of fungi in public policies is essential for biodiversity goals.

The Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is a shark hotspot.

Humans influence sharks through the competition for prey and joint use of reefs.

Sharks need conservation, especially the largest which were found outside the MPA.

We propose including a bigger part of the home range of resident sharks in the MPA.

Since 2015, research on ecosystem services and nature’s contributions to people has consolidated in the Southern Cone.

Economic and sociocultural studies are well-established, but ecological perspectives still predominate.

Most studies do not engage social actors or governance frameworks.

Advancing plural valuations requires enhanced bridging, negotiation, social networking, and governance abilities.

The decrease in forest cover leads to nearly twofold greater loss of forest-dependent birds compared to the gain of habitat-generalists.

Species composition of forest-dependent and habitat-generalist bird assemblages are positively correlated with the variation in forest cover within the landscape.

The required amount of forest cover to protect forest-dependent birds in the Atlantic Forest is higher than 30%.

The benchmark of 20% of forest cover established by Brazilian law may not provide sufficient protection for most forest-dependent bird species.

830,000 km of roads (∼20× Earth’s circumference) run through 3,837 protected areas in South America.

83% of protected land is roadless but fragmented into ∼25,500 patches; half <1 km² and only 6% >100 km².

Roads are widespread across regions and IUCN categories; in most biomes, median interior distance to roads is ≤3 km.

Mitigation requires restoring connectivity, roadless cores, road regulation, and biodiversity-sensitive planning.

Projections indicate significant species range reductions by 2050, even under optimistic climate scenarios.

The interaction between land-use and climate change leads to compounded impacts on the threaten the endemic Cerrado flora.

Partial implementation of the Forest Code leads higher biodiversity loss in the Cerrado.

Despite Forest Code safeguards, complementary measures are essential to secure Cerrado biodiversity.

Conservation plans must address both climate change impacts and land-use dynamics to preserve the ecological integrity of the Cerrado.

Landscape features play potencial roles in shaping the biodiversity of aquatic microorganisms.

Anthropogenic transformation impacts alpha e beta diversity of the zooplankton.

The conservation of riparian zones in the Atlantic Forest helps to sustain zooplankton biodiversity.

Implementing NbS criteria can be essential to ensure its full potential.

Studies are still focused on NbS biophysical dimension.

Increased complexity in NbS projects can reduce effect size but increase its variability.

Social, economic, and political dimensions need greater consideration in NbS research.

Interdisciplinary collaboration can be crucial for advancing NbS projects implementation.

Land-use changes are transforming tropical forests into heterogeneous landscape mosaics with various anthropogenic land covers.

Urban cover is the main landscape factor negatively impacting bat and small rodent taxonomic and functional diversity.

Functional diversity of both taxa decreases with increasing urban cover, filtering out more specialized species.

Forest cover favored some unique functional attributes in bats, increasing their functional diversity.

Preventing urban expansion and deforestation, while maintaining forest cover and forest remnants are urgent strategies.