Editorial – Rewilding South American Landscapes
Challenges and opportunities for rewilding South American landscapes
a Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
b Aarhus University, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
a Aarhus University, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
b UMR Sciences pour l’Action et le Développement* Activités* Produits* Territoires* INRA* AgroParisTech* Université Paris-Saclay, F 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
c Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
Read
5972
Timeswas read the article
2577
Total PDF
3395
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S2530064417301803" "issn" => "25300644" "doi" => "10.1016/j.pecon.2017.10.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "53" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Ciência Ecológica e Conservação" "copyrightAnyo" => "2017" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. 2017;15:245-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1788 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 244 "HTML" => 942 "PDF" => 602 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2530064417301062" "issn" => "25300644" "doi" => "10.1016/j.pecon.2017.10.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "52" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Ciência Ecológica e Conservação" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. 2017;15:248-56" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1585 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 247 "HTML" => 771 "PDF" => 567 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Essays and Perspectives - Rewilding South American Landscapes</span>" "titulo" => "A review of a multispecies reintroduction to restore a large ecosystem: The Iberá Rewilding Program (Argentina)" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "256" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 3156 "Ancho" => 2083 "Tamanyo" => 1204593 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Part of the Rewilding project infrastructure. (a) Giant anteater rescue center with six pens. (b) Jaguar quarantine facility. (c) Pampas deer pre-release pen (below) and sanctuary (above). (d) Peccary, anteater and tapir pre-release enclosure. (e) One of the breeders facility in the CECY. (f) View of the enclosures for jaguar breeders and larger enclosures for mothers and offspring at the CECY. (g) Green-winged macaw's shelter cage. (h) Green-winged macaw's flight tunnel.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Talía Zamboni, Sebastián Di Martino, Ignacio Jiménez-Pérez" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Talía" "apellidos" => "Zamboni" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sebastián" "apellidos" => "Di Martino" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ignacio" "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Pérez" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Populations of five species and a jaguar breeding program have been established.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High quality communication and learning from animals responses are lessons learned.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Importance of suitable habitat, long-term commitment and solid and flexible teams.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Iberá Rewilding Program represents a model for proactive conservation in the Americas.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530064417301062?idApp=UINPBA00006K" "url" => "/25300644/0000001500000004/v1_201711220238/S2530064417301062/v1_201711220238/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial – Rewilding South American Landscapes</span>" "titulo" => "Challenges and opportunities for rewilding South American landscapes" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "247" ] ] "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Mauro Galetti" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Mauro" "apellidos" => "Galetti" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mgaletti@rc.unesp.br" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Aarhus University, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Meredith Root-Bernstein" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Meredith" "apellidos" => "Root-Bernstein" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Aarhus University, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "UMR Sciences pour l’Action et le Développement* Activités* Produits* Territoires* INRA* AgroParisTech* Université Paris-Saclay, F 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Jens-Christian Svenning" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jens-Christian" "apellidos" => "Svenning" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Aarhus University, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rampant extinction of many animal species caused by human interventions has led many conservation biologists to propose the creation of large protected parks, and the listing and protection of rare and threatened species. The setting aside of spaces and species are the two main classical approaches of biological conservation. Each serves a compositionalist view, such that some components (species) are protected everywhere, and all components (species) are protected in some places (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Jepson, 2016</a>). Species protection focuses on population levels, and space protection focuses on species composition maintained within that space. Although these strategies have been important for deterring species extinction, there is an increasing necessity to restore not only the components, but the functional interactions between the components of those ecosystems (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Valiente-Banuet et al., 2015</a>).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the world's ecosystems are impoverished, missing globally or locally extinct species, particularly large bodied vertebrates (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">Dirzo et al., 2014; Faurby and Svenning, 2015; Ceballos et al., 2017</a>). We still know little about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of megafauna extinction (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">Galetti et al., 2017</a>).</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One strategy to revert the loss of functionality of natural ecosystems is to re-introduce former extinct species (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">reintroduction</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">refaunation</span>), to introduce ecological analogues (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rewilding</span>) or even try to revive extinct species (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de-extinction</span>) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The term rewilding has faced much controversy primarily because of an early focus on the goal of recovering Pleistocene ecosystems (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">Galetti, 2004; Donlan, 2005; Zimov, 2005; Donlan, 2005</a>). Rewilding, however, goes beyond restoring ecosystems to how they were in the Pleistocene. The science of rewilding today has much broader implications. There has been a call to focus research on understanding top-down trophic interaction dynamics of reintroducing species (“trophic rewilding”) to fulfil lost ecological processes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">Svenning et al., 2016; Galetti et al., 2017</a>). Top-down trophic and associated bottom-up trophic as well as non-trophic impacts, such as disturbance, nutrient cycling, or seed dispersal, have become lost or reduced due to historic and prehistoric defaunation and constitute important impacts of many keystone and ecosystem engineering species (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">Doughty et al., 2016a,b</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Europe, rewilding projects have increased enormously in recent years, especially in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Denmark, but also Eastern and Southern Europe, focusing mainly on the reintroduction of large and medium sized herbivores such as beavers, wild boar, bison, moose, and primitive horse and cattle breeds (e.g., <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Jepson, 2016</a>). South America, one of the continent most strongly hit by the prehistoric end-Pleistocene-early Holocene megafauna extinctions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Fariña et al., 2013</a>), is still facing rapid Anthropocene defaunation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Jorge et al., 2013</a>). In addition, large parts of South America are experiencing land change and abandonment. These conditions suggest that rewilding has much scope as an approach to biodiversity conservation and land management in South America. Despite the big scope, rewilding projects and debate are still in their infancy in South American contexts.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this Special Issue, a series of papers, both theoretical and practical, present new information and experiences for the debate of rewilding. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Svenning and Faurby (2017)</a> provide historically-informed base-lines for trophic rewilding in the Central and South America and discuss the implications, highlighting the need for a more nuanced view on non-native megafauna species as they may sometimes represent taxon substitutes for missing species, while emphasizing that rewilding should be implemented flexibly and in dialogue with society, e.g., handling human-wildlife conflicts and ensuring benefits for local livelihoods. Following this theoretical discussion, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Pires (2017)</a> presented a novel approach on how ecological network model can help in rewilding projects. Another important discussion on rewilding theory is that rewilding is the consideration of particular models of conceiving, implementing and managing rewilding projects that fit the social and cultural realities of the different regions within South America (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Root-Bernstein et al., 2017</a>). The various cosmologies, land use practices, traditional resource uses, etc. of indigenous peoples of South America should also be considered in the development of ideas about what rewilding is for, what it aims to achieve, and how it can do this (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Root-Bernstein et al., 2017</a>). For the practical point of view, rewilding information has proven to be an effective strategy to restore important ecological processes, particularly in highly fragmented landscapes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">Fernandez et al., 2017; Sobral-Souza et al., 2017; Root-Bernstein and Svenning, 2017; Zamboni et al., 2017</a>) and can be important to recover some declining populations (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Campos-Silva et al., 2017</a>).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We believe that the information presented in this special issue will bring attention and opportunities for rewilding South American landscapes, from horses that were an integral part of South American ecosystems for several millions of years and are back again to the Americas (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095">Naundrup and Svenning, 2015; Lundgren et al., 2017</a>) to more easily accepted rewilding projects, such as agouti reintroduction (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Fernandez et al., 2017</a>), or even top predators (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Zamboni et al., 2017</a>), to more audacious rewilding projects with megafauna in fenced parks (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Galetti, 2004</a>). Trophic rewilding has the potential to become important strategy for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in South America. The research and the experiences from the papers presented here bring important contributions to developing the practice and science of trophic rewilding in this region as well as more generally.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-10-19" "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concept \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1832 (1987) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Reintroduction is the intentional release a species into part of its native range from which it has become extirpated in historic times as a result of human activities or natural catastrophe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Wilson (1832)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1987 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Reinforcement is addition of new individuals to a small population \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">IUCN (1998)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1991 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Defaunation is the functional, local or global extinction of species or populations of animals \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Dirzo and Miranda (1991)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1992 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Empty forest is a state of a natural community (forest) with no or few large mammals and large birds \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Redford (1992)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1998 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rewilding is the restoration of large areas based on regulatory roles of large predators \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Soulé and Noss (1998)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2004/2005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pleistocene Parks is management strategy to introduce extant herbivores (domestic or wild) that could function as ecological analogue of extinct Pleistocene megafauna in fenced zones. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Zimov (2005)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pleistocene rewilding is the similar of Pleistocene parks in non-fenced zones. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Donlan (2005)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Refaunation is the restoration of populations of extant species to their original distributions. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Oliveira-Santos and Fernandez (2010)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">De-extinction is the technique to bring back extinct species, such as mammoth, passenger pigeon. It is more focused on species than on ecological processes. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Sherkow and Greely (2013)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Trophic rewilding is the use of species introductions to restore top-down trophic interactions and associated trophic cascades to promote self-regulating biodiverse ecosystems. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Svenning et al. (2016)</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1597815.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Definitions and a time sequence of terms used in animal restoration.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Ceballos et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G. Ceballos" 1 => "P.R. Ehrlich" 2 => "R. Dirzo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.1704949114" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "114" "paginaInicial" => "E6089" "paginaFinal" => "E6096" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696295" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "Campos-Silva et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Community-based population recovery of overexploited Amazonian wildlife" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.V. Campos-Silva" 1 => "C.A. Peres" 2 => "A.P. Antunes" 3 => "J. Valsecchi" 4 => "J. Pezzuti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "266" "paginaFinal" => "270" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "Dirzo and Miranda, 1991" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Altered patterns of herbivory and diversity in the forest understory: a case study of the possible consequences of contemporary defaunation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Dirzo" 1 => "A. Miranda" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Plant–Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology" "paginaInicial" => "273" "paginaFinal" => "287" "serieFecha" => "1991" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "Dirzo et al., 2014" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Defaunation in the Anthropocene" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Dirzo" 1 => "H.S. Young" 2 => "M. Galetti" 3 => "G. Ceballos" 4 => "N.J. Isaac" 5 => "B. Collen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1126/science.1251817" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Science" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "345" "paginaInicial" => "401" "paginaFinal" => "406" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061202" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1935861X1200188X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "1935861X" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "Donlan, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Re-wilding north America" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Donlan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/436913a" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nature" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "436" "paginaInicial" => "913" "paginaFinal" => "914" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16107817" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "Doughty et al., 2016a" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global nutrient transport in a world of giants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => "C.E. Doughty" 1 => "J. Roman" 2 => "S. Faurby" 3 => "A. Wolf" 4 => "A. Haque" 5 => "E.S. Bakker" 6 => "Y. Malhi" 7 => "J.B. Dunning Jr." 8 => "J.C. Svenning" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.1502549112" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "868" "paginaFinal" => "873" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504209" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "Doughty et al., 2016b" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Megafauna extinction, tree species range reduction, and carbon storage in Amazonian forests" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:13 [ 0 => "C.E. Doughty" 1 => "A. Wolf" 2 => "N. Morueta-Holme" 3 => "P.M. Jørgensen" 4 => "B. Sandel" 5 => "C. Violle" 6 => "B. Boyle" 7 => "N.J.B. Kraft" 8 => "R.K. Peet" 9 => "B.J. Enquist" 10 => "J.-C. Svenning" 11 => "S. Blake" 12 => "M. Galetti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ecography" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "194" "paginaFinal" => "203" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "Fariña et al., 2013" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Megafauna: Giant Beasts of Pleistocene South America" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.A. Fariña" 1 => "S.F. Vizcaíno" 2 => "G. De Iuliis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2013" "editorial" => "Indiana University Press" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "Faurby and Svenning, 2015" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Historic and prehistoric human-driven extinctions have reshaped global mammal diversity patterns" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Faurby" 1 => "J.C. Svenning" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Divers. Distrib." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "1155" "paginaFinal" => "1166" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "Fernandez et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rewilding the Atlantic Forest: restoring the fauna and ecological interactions of a protected area" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:12 [ 0 => "F.A.S. Fernandez" 1 => "M.L. Rheingantz" 2 => "L. Genes" 3 => "C.F. Kenup" 4 => "M. Galliez" 5 => "T. Cezimbra" 6 => "B. Cid" 7 => "L. Macedo" 8 => "B.B.A. Araujo" 9 => "B.S. Moraes" 10 => "A. Monjeau" 11 => "A.S. Pires" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "308" "paginaFinal" => "314" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "Galetti, 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parks of the Pleistocene: recreating the cerrado and the Pantanal with megafauna" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Galetti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Natureza Conservação" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "93" "paginaFinal" => "100" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "Galetti et al., 2017a" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reversing defaunation by trophic rewilding in empty forests" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Galetti" 1 => "A.S. Pires" 2 => "P.H. Brancalion" 3 => "F.A. Fernandez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biotropica" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "49" "paginaInicial" => "5" "paginaFinal" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "Galetti et al., 2017b" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ecological and evolutionary legacy of megafauna extinctions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:16 [ 0 => "M. Galetti" 1 => "M. Moleón" 2 => "P. Jordano" 3 => "M.M. Pires" 4 => "P.R. Guimarães" 5 => "T. Pape" 6 => "E. Nichols" 7 => "D. Hansen" 8 => "J.M. Olesen" 9 => "M. Munk" 10 => "J.S. de Mattos" 11 => "A.H. Schweiger" 12 => "N. Owen-Smith" 13 => "C.N. Johnson" 14 => "R.J. Marquis" 15 => "J.-C. Svenning" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/brv.12374" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol. Rev." "fecha" => "2017" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1935861X08000363" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "1935861X" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "IUCN, 1998" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "IUCN Guidelines for Re-introductions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "IUCN" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "1998" "editorial" => "IUCN" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "Jepson, 2016" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A rewilding agenda for Europe: creating a network of experimental reserves" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P. Jepson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ecography" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "39" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "Jorge et al., 2013" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mammal defaunation as surrogate of trophic cascades in a biodiversity hotspot" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.L.S.P. Jorge" 1 => "M. Galetti" 2 => "M.C. Ribeiro" 3 => "K.M.P.M.B. Ferraz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "49" "paginaFinal" => "57" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "Lundgren et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Introduced megafauna are rewilding the Anthropocene" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.J. Lundgren" 1 => "D. Ramp" 2 => "W.J. Ripple" 3 => "A.D. Wallach" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ecography" "fecha" => "2017" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "Naundrup and Svenning, 2015" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A geographic assessment of the global scope for rewilding with wild-living horses (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Equus ferus</span>)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.J. Naundrup" 1 => "J.-C. Svenning" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0132359" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLOS ONE" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "e0132359" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26177104" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "Oliveira-Santos and Fernandez, 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pleistocene rewilding, Frankenstein ecosystems, and an alternative conservation agenda" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.G.R. Oliveira-Santos" 1 => "F.A.S. Fernandez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01379.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Conserv. Biol." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "5" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20121834" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "Pires, 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rewilding ecological communities and rewiring ecological networks" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.R. Pires" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "257" "paginaFinal" => "265" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "Redford, 1992" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The empty forest" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "K.H. Redford" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bioscience" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "412" "paginaFinal" => "422" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "Root-Bernstein et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rewilding South America: ten key questions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Root-Bernstein" 1 => "M. Galetti" 2 => "R.J. Ladle" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "271" "paginaFinal" => "281" ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "Root-Bernstein and Svenning, 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Restoring connectivity between fragmented woodlands in Chile with a reintroduced mobile link species" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Root-Bernstein" 1 => "J.C. Svenning" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "292" "paginaFinal" => "299" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "Sherkow and Greely, 2013" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "What if extinction is not forever?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.S. Sherkow" 1 => "H.T. Greely" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1126/science.1236965" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Science" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "340" "paginaInicial" => "32" "paginaFinal" => "33" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559235" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "Sobral-Souza et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rewilding of defaunated Atlantic Forests with tortoises to restore lost seed dispersal functions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Sobral-Souza" 1 => "L. Lautenschlager" 2 => "T.Q. Morcatty" 3 => "C. Bello" 4 => "D. Hansen" 5 => "M. Galetti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "300" "paginaFinal" => "307" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "Soulé and Noss, 1998" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rewilding and biodiversity: complementary goals for continental conservation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Soulé" 1 => "R. Noss" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Wild Earth" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "19" "paginaFinal" => "28" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "Svenning et al., 2016" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Science for a wilder Anthropocene: synthesis and future directions for trophic rewilding research" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => "J.C. Svenning" 1 => "P.B. Pedersen" 2 => "C.J. Donlan" 3 => "R. Ejrnaes" 4 => "S. Faurby" 5 => "M. Galetti" 6 => "D.M. Hansen" 7 => "B. Sandel" 8 => "C.J. Sandom" 9 => "J.W. Terborgh" 10 => "F.W. Vera" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.1502556112" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "898" "paginaFinal" => "906" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504218" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "Svenning and Faurby, 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prehistoric and historic rewilidng in the Neotropics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.-C. Svenning" 1 => "S. Faurby" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "282" "paginaFinal" => "291" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "Valiente-Banuet et al., 2015" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Beyond species loss: the extinction of ecological interactions in a changing world" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:20 [ 0 => "A. Valiente-Banuet" 1 => "M.A. Aizen" 2 => "J.M. Alcántara" 3 => "J. Arroyo" 4 => "A. Cocucci" 5 => "M. Galetti" 6 => "M.B. García" 7 => "D. García" 8 => "J.M. Gómez" 9 => "P. Jordano" 10 => "R. Medel" 11 => "L. Navarro" 12 => "J.R. Obeso" 13 => "R. Oviedo" 14 => "N. Ramírez" 15 => "P.J. Rey" 16 => "A. Traveset" 17 => "M. Verdú" 18 => "R. Zamora" 19 => "M. Johnson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Funct. Ecol." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "299" "paginaFinal" => "307" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "Wilson, 1832" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Account of the introduction of the wood-grouse or capercailzie (Tetrao urogallus) to the Forest of Braemar" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Wilson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Edinb. N. Philos. J." "fecha" => "1832" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "160" "paginaFinal" => "165" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "Zamboni et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A review of multispecies reintroduction to restore a large ecosystem: the Iberá Rewilding program" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. Zamboni" 1 => "S. Di Martino" 2 => "I. Jiménez-Pérez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Perspect. Ecol. Conserv." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "256" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "Zimov, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pleistocene park: return of the mammoth's ecosystem" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.A. Zimov" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1126/science.1113442" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Science" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "308" "paginaInicial" => "796" "paginaFinal" => "798" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879196" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack318918" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We want to thank all reviewers and authors that could make this special issue possible. M.G. and J.-C.S. thank the Aarhus University Research Foundation for a guest researcher grant to sponsor M.G. at Aarhus University. J.-C.S. considers this work a contribution to his Carlsberg Foundation Semper Ardens project MegaPast2Future (CF16-0005) and to his VILLUM Investigator project ‘Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World’ funded by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">VILLUM FONDEN</span>. MG is also funded by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">CNPq</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">FAPESP</span>.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/25300644/0000001500000004/v1_201711220238/S2530064417301803/v1_201711220238/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "70919" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rewilding South American Landscapes" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/25300644/0000001500000004/v1_201711220238/S2530064417301803/v1_201711220238/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00006K&text.app=https://perspectecolconserv.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530064417301803?idApp=UINPBA00006K" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 44 | 20 | 64 |
| 2024 September | 51 | 31 | 82 |
| 2024 August | 74 | 44 | 118 |
| 2024 July | 71 | 46 | 117 |
| 2024 June | 48 | 40 | 88 |
| 2024 May | 46 | 90 | 136 |
| 2024 April | 44 | 26 | 70 |
| 2024 March | 36 | 22 | 58 |
| 2024 February | 65 | 23 | 88 |
| 2024 January | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2023 December | 27 | 23 | 50 |
| 2023 November | 51 | 74 | 125 |
| 2023 October | 35 | 44 | 79 |
| 2023 September | 32 | 34 | 66 |
| 2023 August | 37 | 32 | 69 |
| 2023 July | 32 | 34 | 66 |
| 2023 June | 40 | 24 | 64 |
| 2023 May | 51 | 33 | 84 |
| 2023 April | 36 | 35 | 71 |
| 2023 March | 60 | 32 | 92 |
| 2023 February | 42 | 21 | 63 |
| 2023 January | 33 | 24 | 57 |
| 2022 December | 58 | 28 | 86 |
| 2022 November | 36 | 41 | 77 |
| 2022 October | 65 | 69 | 134 |
| 2022 September | 35 | 65 | 100 |
| 2022 August | 37 | 45 | 82 |
| 2022 July | 34 | 45 | 79 |
| 2022 June | 32 | 49 | 81 |
| 2022 May | 45 | 30 | 75 |
| 2022 April | 59 | 46 | 105 |
| 2022 March | 33 | 56 | 89 |
| 2022 February | 36 | 40 | 76 |
| 2022 January | 32 | 58 | 90 |
| 2021 December | 34 | 58 | 92 |
| 2021 November | 43 | 33 | 76 |
| 2021 October | 33 | 38 | 71 |
| 2021 September | 23 | 19 | 42 |
| 2021 August | 66 | 26 | 92 |
| 2021 July | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2021 June | 18 | 26 | 44 |
| 2021 May | 21 | 33 | 54 |
| 2021 April | 46 | 59 | 105 |
| 2021 March | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2021 February | 49 | 33 | 82 |
| 2021 January | 32 | 38 | 70 |
| 2020 December | 33 | 15 | 48 |
| 2020 November | 60 | 28 | 88 |
| 2020 October | 44 | 10 | 54 |
| 2020 September | 33 | 26 | 59 |
| 2020 August | 96 | 18 | 114 |
| 2020 July | 51 | 26 | 77 |
| 2020 June | 46 | 27 | 73 |
| 2020 May | 47 | 28 | 75 |
| 2020 April | 40 | 29 | 69 |
| 2020 March | 63 | 28 | 91 |
| 2020 February | 80 | 25 | 105 |
| 2020 January | 79 | 37 | 116 |
| 2019 December | 38 | 17 | 55 |
| 2019 November | 72 | 15 | 87 |
| 2019 October | 29 | 25 | 54 |
| 2019 September | 55 | 37 | 92 |
| 2019 August | 23 | 19 | 42 |
| 2019 July | 26 | 22 | 48 |
| 2019 June | 36 | 28 | 64 |
| 2019 May | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2019 April | 29 | 27 | 56 |
| 2019 March | 25 | 25 | 50 |
| 2019 February | 22 | 13 | 35 |
| 2019 January | 30 | 20 | 50 |
| 2018 December | 16 | 17 | 33 |
| 2018 November | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2018 October | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2018 September | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2018 August | 11 | 26 | 37 |
| 2018 July | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2018 June | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| 2018 May | 43 | 19 | 62 |
| 2018 April | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2018 March | 51 | 16 | 67 |
| 2018 February | 31 | 12 | 43 |
| 2018 January | 47 | 34 | 81 |
| 2017 December | 73 | 46 | 119 |
| 2017 November | 31 | 35 | 66 |
Show all
