Biodiversity conservation requires the protection and maintenance of protected areas

Protected areas store carbon and regulate ecosystem processes

Protected areas prevent deforestation and conserve ecosystems and biodiversity

Forest restoration plantings have lower beta diversity than remnant forests.

Plantings are more floristically similar to one another than to regional forests.

Trees planted to restore the Atlantic Forest poorly represent local floras.

α and β-diversity of birds is mainly influenced by forest cover.

Landscape heterogeneity is important for generalist and open-habitat bird species.

The heterogeneity of landscapes on productive land fosters the conservation of biodiversity.

Agricultural landscapes must conserve native habitat and diversify crops.

Cerrado road verges hold 32% of native vegetation.

Store 600,000 tons of carbon.

Conservation efforts should prioritize law enforcement to protect these areas.

Global conservation problems often require holistic, transdisciplinary solutions.

Transdisciplinary ECRs face major challenges in collaboration and career growth.

Current metrics fail to capture the real-world impact of transdisciplinary research.

Transforming metrics and recognising transdisciplinary scientists is key.

Written historical records are crucial for enhancing wildlife knowledge.

Significant limitations and biases are detected in historical sources.

A seven-step process is provided to enhance the accuracy and reliability of historical information.

This approach improves the efficiency and effectiveness of conservation research.

Belo Monte Dam diverted water from Xingu River, drastically reducing the high-water season.

This triggered an Independent Monitoring of flooded forests led by Xingu inhabitants.

Monitoring provided evidence of ecosystem services decay in flooded forests.

Some examples are high vegetation mortality, invasive species, and phenological disruption.

Current hydrological conditions are threatening the environment and people's livelihoods.

Biodiversity conservation through rewilding should recognise the importance of fire.

Opinions on the role of fire in rewilding can be synthesised into four discourses.

Discourses consistently reappear in the expanding body of peer-reviewed literature.

Common themes imply integrating fire management and rewilding has strong potential.

Moving forwards requires addressing rewilding definitions and context dependence.