Airport-produced noise is unsuitable for areas of wildlife protection.

Noise can generate stress and jeopardize wildlife reproduction.

There is a need in Brazil to implement noise regulation within areas of wildlife protection.

Ecological systems are interlinked through fluxes of organisms, energy, and matter.

These spatial interdependencies form the basis of metaecological theory.

Applications in conservation and environmental management are apparent but lag behind.

Narrowing this gap requires incorporating realism and scenarios of environmental change.

Interacting scientists, practitioners and decision-makers will guide this development.

Existing project management guidelines inadequately address the issue of planning projects in a project portfolio and how to aggregate data, so many conservation projects are badly monitored.

To enhance programme delivery and monitoring, I define Five Steps to Conservation Impact around: Planning; Common; Indicators; Monitoring; Interpretation; Action.

These steps differ from other project management guidelines by linking common goals with common indicators and measuring aggregated conservation impact.

Enabling conditions to ensure success include: senior managers are willing to establish a results-based management culture; attribution is considered an aspiration not a hindrance; capacity and tools are in place.

Making impact monitoring the norm will require a culture change within the conservation community.

Traditional ecological knowledge can indicate alternatives for the knowledge and conservation of the natural resources.

Usually, researchers are not sensitized to see local people as partner in ecological studies.

To see local people as partners can enhance the quality and impact of ecological studies.

Changes in the extent of suitable habitat and area of occupancy (AOO) were assessed by the combined effects of climate and land-use change in Andean anurans.

Climate and land-use changes will cause a relative loss of 63.4 % to 79.4 % of the current extent of suitable habitat and 49.6 % to 72.6 % of AOO of Andean anurans by the year 2050.

The collapse of the area of occupation (AOO) identified twice as many species at risk of extinction as the loss of the extent of suitable habitat.

Extent of suitable habitat and the area of occupancy (AOO) have great potential to measure the combined effects of climate change and land use on the future risk of extinction of the species.