Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) promotes conservation while alleviating poverty and removing GHG.

EbA is a policy mix that integrates development and environmental policies.

It triggers adaptive transition, a key step towards sustainability transitions.

Conservation science can boost EbA by looking into coupled human-natural systems.

Brazil´s policy setting favors what is possibly the planet´s largest EbA program.

Feedbacks between coupled rural–urban systems can strengthen best agricultural management practices.

We developed an integrative approach that considers rural and urban systems as interconnected elements of the territory.

Evaluating complex systems from a territorial perspective relies on the understanding of their ecological and socioeconomic dimensions.

Leaf phenology monitoring using digital cameras in tropical vegetation.

Digital images can track temporal changes in the vegetation structure.

Phenocams are potential tools for conservation biology.

Phenocams for tropical phenology monitoring are a promising research field in Brazil.

We used Ecological Niche Models (ENM) models to determine patches of suitable habitat for four bird species and vocalization parameters to test the validity of the ENM patches.

Vocalizations were classified among these patches through a multinomial regression.

The method can be used to reintroduce birds rescue from traffic, but it seems to work best for the species with little social learning, despite all four species studied showed limited vocal structure.

While vocal plasticity could lead to low classification efficiency, it also may aid the re-adaptation of reintroduced birds, making our methodology efficient when it matters the most.

The soil texture is one of the determinant factors for ant's species distribution and colonization.

The relationship between soil texture and ant body size influences the survival rate of colonies and then the relative density of species.

Changes in soil texture may promote colonization by more aggressive and generalist ants species.

Ants can be used as a tool bioindication of change in soil granulometry promoted by mining and monoculture activities.

We tested the importance of protected and non-protected area for conservation of grassland birds.

Maintaining grassland mosaics is essential for tall and short grassland birds.

It is important to maintain PPAs in grazing areas.

The local ecological knowledge of spearfishers was assessed to verify Goliath grouper catches.

A rapidly decline in the catches was verified over three decades in Arraial do Cabo.

Non-extractive use of the species through diving tourism is encouraged.

Personal experience with flagship species may be important to promote conservation.

Central Chile lacks a large flagship species, but has smaller charismatic species.

We compare flagship reintroduction areas with smaller species' distributions.

We conclude there are fewest barriers to promoting observation of small species.

Whether many small species is as effective as one large species, is unknown.

Two methods of monitoring populations of threatened wetland snails were compared.

The lethal and more time-consuming method of litter sampling proved to be more precise, however non-lethal in situ searching method also provided decent data, significantly correlated with the results from the first method.

The non-invasive searching method may thus be useful in regular monitoring programs or for general comparisons between the populations.

There are concerns and controversy related to the gold mining ‘Volta Grande Project’.

We raise awareness of the synergistic impacts the Volta Grande Project and Belo Monte.

We call attention to the impacts on the Xingu's biodiversity and its population.

We present the “Iguaçu Dourado” Project, which proposes a misleading development of sport fishing in the Iguaçu River basin.

We identified specimens of Salminus brasiliensis collected in the Iguaçu River basin from 2008.

The list of Brazilian federal protected areas with occurrence of invasive alien fauna is presented.

The planned management actions are not specific and applicable for most of the Brazilian federal protected areas.

In general, the choice of management performed is defined by the convenience of execution.

A greater coordination between planned and executed actions is needed.

The Brazilian institutions must act together in the prevention, control and monitoring of invasive alien fauna in federal protected areas.