There is a paucity of synthesis centers in the Global South (GS).

The Brazilian synthesis program aspires to transdisciplinarity to solve local demands.

Future calls should consider hiring one or more postdocs with co-production skills.

We make recommendations for improving Brazilian postdocs’ labor conditions.

We call for an anthropophagic and decolonized synthesis science approach in the GS.

IFM can reduce Carbon emissions.

Carbon credits from the emissions avoided could worth 100 million USD annually.

The money from avoided emissions could finance IFM programs and restoration in the Pantanal.

Severe decline of taxonomic and functional richness of Atlantic Forest anurans are expected.

The negative effects (losses) will be more pronounced for taxonomic richness.

Forest and open habitat species will decline, calling for landscape conservation.

High-altitude coastal habitats, potential climatic refuges, will require dynamic conservation strategies.

We reviewed 712 papers related to the conservation of 397 primate species.

Conservation research efforts are driven by time since species description, locomotion type, and body mass, but not by threat status.

Most studies were led by researchers based in countries without native non-human primate populations, mainly focusing on primate-rich regions.

Phylogenetically related primates receive similar conservation research efforts.

Significant threats to primates, like hunting and animal trade, are understudied.

Most native species produced stems of reasonable quality in restoration plantations.

Tree growth limited the potential for timber production in ecological restoration.

Silviculture operations and improvement are crucial for producing native timber.

Logging based on growth optimized the timber production vs time relation.

Species-specific growth models can maximize timber production and guide harvesting.

About 82% of Brazilian mammals deliver at least one of the 11 ecosystem services (ES).

About 24% of the species are endemic to Brazil, where 75% them deliver at least one ES.

These ES are at risk, as 57% of the species have lost their ES role are endemic.

ES provision does not mirror the spatial patterns of mammal richness.

The intensification of extreme climate events is already a reality throughout the world.

The state of Acre recorded 202 extreme events between 1987 and 2022.

The year 2010 marked a breaking point in the trend of extreme events.

We may be experiencing the tipping point for climate disasters.

These data show the urgency of implementing actions to adapt to climate extremes.

The increase from 1% to 2% of Ecological ICMS did not change significantly the ICMS distribution pattern;

There was a positive distributional effect for municipalities with high environmental and social interest;

Most environmental criteria have a compensatory feature and do not incentivize the adoption of local environmental actions;

The native vegetation cover criterion for Ecological Fiscal Transfer policy can be adopted worldwide.

Peruvian Protected Areas do not adequately protect NCPs and biodiversity hotspots.

Multiple hotspot areas cannot be conserved in the same areas.

A conservation plan only focused on biodiversity may not be sufficient to preserve NCPs.

Identifying hotspots is the first step for achieving multifunctionality in Peruvian PAs.

Multifunctional PAs require to analyze overlap and relationships of NCPs and biodiversity.