The federal grants and scholarships are uneven distributed between Brazilian regions.

The North region receives the least number of scholarships and grants per km² in Brazil.

The current federal budget is insufficient to cover large-scale research in the Amazon.

New national and international funds need to be created to improve Amazon biodiversity research.

Expanding protected areas is likely to have high economic costs and exacerbate inequalities.

OECMs can provide a cheaper more equitable alternative to meeting area-based conservation targets.

Effort and funds should focus on improving existing protected areas and designating new OECMs.

Shark recovery in Brazilian Marine Protected Areas has concerned managers.

Shark culling has been proposed and scientific-diving banned after incidents.

Decisions should not be based on fear but grounded in scientific research.

Both conservation goals and economic benefits can be achieved with shark recovery.

eDNA metabarcoding allows cost-effective biodiversity analysis and monitoring.

eDNA focuses on defining MOTUs/ASVs, but more information is intrinsic to such data.

α and β diversity patterns from eDNA are enhanced by explicit phylogenetic analyses.

Diversity gradients of microeukaryotes in Araguaia River illustrate these patterns.

Shade coffee plantations favor the presence of some pollinators such as hummingbirds.

Late forests and shade coffee plantations had the highest number of species, pairs of interactions and modularity.

The cattle pastures network presented the greatest robustness due to a greater presence of generalist hummingbirds.

Hummingbird visits are influenced by plant traits such as foliage height but not by the number of flowers.

Conversion of natural habitats causes changes in the hummingbird-plant interaction, affecting ecological process such as pollination.

Ceratophrys ornata is not recorded in Uruguay since 1982.

We report the last documented record for Brazil, made in 1992.

Distance to grasslands and afforestation negatively affect the C. ornata occurrence.

Water body cover and sandy soils positively influence the occurrence of C. ornata.

Bird sensitivity varies across distribution ranges and environmental gradients, shaping distinct population patterns.

Four patterns: edge, equal, core, and varying sensitivity to landscape changes.

Dispersal ability, habitat specialization, and distribution range do not fully explain sensitivity patterns.

Species' intraspecific sensitivity variations call for adaptive conservation strategies.

We recorded 605 mammalian carnivorans (10 spp.) across 368 Brazilian urban areas.

Hotspots of carnivorans in urban areas were in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado.

Key predictions include human development index and human population density.

Road extension, municipality size and elevation also are crucial factors.

Overlap of priority areas for bird conservation based on three diversity components is low.

The current Protected Areas network does not cover the most important areas.

Climate change can have a low impact on priority areas for conservation.

We show priority areas where the current Protected Areas network could be expanded.

Thermal mismatch can increase susceptibility of tropical amphibians to chytridiomycosis.

Cold- and warm-adapted amphibian hosts had a higher risk of infection under abnormally warm and cool conditions, respectively.

Overall, cool-adapted frogs displayed a greater risk of disease regardless of temperature.

Dry-forest regeneration mechanisms respond to both natural and human drivers.

Caatinga regeneration relies on low-density and taxonomically impoverished regenerating assemblages.

Resprouts rather than seedlings and saplings support Caatinga regeneration.

Chronic human disturbances pose negative effect on regeneration mechanisms such as seed rain and seedling abundance.

Agricultural better practices are required to improve Caatinga resilience.

A deforestation hotspot emerges in a region planned for agricultural development in the - Amazon rainforest.

Deforestation grows in all land tenure classes, especially after the project became widespread, in 2018.

Forest loss increased in protected areas after 2018, except in Indigenous Lands, which resist as protective shields.

Contrary to economic development, it can trigger socioeconomic losses and affect essential edaphoclimatic conditions for agricultural activity.

Environmental impact studies need to be concluded before establishing the zone for agricultural development.