Most cited

Damage costs from biological invasions and natural hazards are of similar magnitude.

Global biological invasion costs increased by 702% from 1980–1999 to 2000–2019.

Invasion costs increased faster than natural hazard damages over time (1980–2019).

Limited Global South participation and parachute science hampers tropical ecology.

Upgrades in equity, diversity and inclusion rooted in the Global South are essential.

Tropical conservation practices must be led by local researchers and stakeholders.

Recognition of science in the Global South may improve through outreach.

International research must provide equitable workloads and recognition to Global South researchers.

References are key to restoration, especially in highly threatened ecosystems.

Optimal references connect conservation and restoration.

Small remnants that serve as references can lead to landscape-scale benefits.

A detailed habitat classification is needed for adequate protection and restoration.

Ensuring optimal references protection will benefit future restoration initiatives.

We evaluated 7 water-related ES in landscapes with different proportions between eucalyptus and natural forests.

There is a threshold close to 20% of forest coverage below which ES supply tends to become unsustainable.

The highest gain to the seven ES occurs in catchments with natural forest cover over 45%.

Erosion control was the service most linked to natural forest decrease.

Protecting further 6.75% of the Cerrado doubles representation of endemic tetrapods.

Larger priority areas for conservation are concentrated in northern Cerrado.

Small and m edium priority areas are scattered across southern Cerrado.

Our ability to represent endemic terrestrial vertebrates decreased with recent habitat loss.

Habitat loss precludes the representation of tetrapods in large top priority areas.

The KBA Standards may not be scalable to all biodiversity.

If everywhere can be a Key Biodiversity Area, nowhere is “Key”.

If any area is “Key” the assessment process is solely based on manageability.

Not all invasive grasses would be equally affected by climate change.

Range retractions are projected for some species regardless of the scenario.

We expect species niches to shift to areas not yet occupied.

Arundo donax had the greatest range expansion in the SSP3 and SSP5 scenarios.

We identified 52 community-based monitoring projects on game terrestrial fauna in the tropics.

Most of these initiatives (86%) were interrupted due the lack of funding.

The absence of spatio-temporal data analyses prevented the provision of information on monitored resource.

The empowerment and management actions were hampered by the lack of local participation.

Community-based approaches will be more efficient if they engage local people at all stages of the monitoring.

Colombia covers over half of key wintering areas for migratory birds in South America.

Most of the migrants’ overwinter range overlaps with working landscapes.

Priority national restoration/rehabilitation areas are ineffective to benefit migrants.

Forest conservation needs actions involving vulnerable and minority groups.

Estimated ant species richness is higher in the tropical region.

Estimated ant species richness was best explained by annual rainfall and mean temperature.

The direction and effect of abiotic determinants are relative to the zoogeographic realm analyzed, highlighting regional effects.