Brazil reached 2.8 Mha of native vegetation removal in 2022, the highest rate since 2008.

15.8 Mha of Legal Reserve areas need restoration in Brazil’s private rural properties, over half in the Amazon.

5.46 Mha of forest regrowth occurred in Brazil from 2016 to 2022, 40% in the Amazon and 36% in the Atlantic Forest biome.

Secondary forests in Brazil lack proper legislation to safeguard their carbon mitigation potential in the long-term.

Incentives to environmental payment, law enforcement, and legal framework needed for Brazil's 78 Mha surplus vegetation.

The federal grants and scholarships are uneven distributed between Brazilian regions.

The North region receives the least number of scholarships and grants per km² in Brazil.

The current federal budget is insufficient to cover large-scale research in the Amazon.

New national and international funds need to be created to improve Amazon biodiversity research.

Bird sensitivity varies across distribution ranges and environmental gradients, shaping distinct population patterns.

Four patterns: edge, equal, core, and varying sensitivity to landscape changes.

Dispersal ability, habitat specialization, and distribution range do not fully explain sensitivity patterns.

Species' intraspecific sensitivity variations call for adaptive conservation strategies.

Brazil’s Amazonian hydroelectric dams are a concern regarding Lula’s presidency.

Lula initiated and still defends the Belo Monte Dam, which has catastrophic impacts.

The Volta Grande, a 130-km river stretch, has lost over 80% of its natural flow.

Traditional people, including three indigenous groups, have lost food security.

Renewal of Belo Monte’s operating license tests Lula’s socioenvironmental commitment.

The recent resurgence of deforestation in the Cerrado results from misguided policies and environmental negligence.

Lack of environmental and social safeguards is driving the biome toward an irreversible tipping point.

Licenses for vegetation clearance on private lands must carefully evaluate the ownership chain.

Agribusiness plays a key role in strengthening conservation efforts in the Cerrado.

A new economic model prioritizing environmental responsibility and social justice is urgently needed.

High-altitude wetlands suitability will be reduced under future climate conditions.

Projected changes in temperature and precipitation will affect future distribution of wetlands.

Greater reductions in wetlands suitability are projected for elevations lower than 4,000 m.

Increases in wetlands suitability are projected for elevations higher than 4,200 m.

A deforestation hotspot emerges in a region planned for agricultural development in the - Amazon rainforest.

Deforestation grows in all land tenure classes, especially after the project became widespread, in 2018.

Forest loss increased in protected areas after 2018, except in Indigenous Lands, which resist as protective shields.

Contrary to economic development, it can trigger socioeconomic losses and affect essential edaphoclimatic conditions for agricultural activity.

Environmental impact studies need to be concluded before establishing the zone for agricultural development.

Since 1990, the intense threat faced by the Atlantic Forest pushed the enactment of dedicated laws safeguarding its native vegetation.

Current successional stages’ parameters are subjective and imprecise, hindering environmental permitting and related offset policies.

We highlight the current classification’s main limitations, propose specific improvements, and suggest creating a new inclusive framework.

It is urgent to review, clarify, simplify, and increase the scientific reliability of the classification of successional stages.

eDNA metabarcoding allows cost-effective biodiversity analysis and monitoring.

eDNA focuses on defining MOTUs/ASVs, but more information is intrinsic to such data.

α and β diversity patterns from eDNA are enhanced by explicit phylogenetic analyses.

Diversity gradients of microeukaryotes in Araguaia River illustrate these patterns.

Open biomes cover ∼60% of land worldwide, and are associated with many biodiversity hotspots.

There, plants typically allocate most biomass belowground, yet functional roles of belowground coarse organs are overlooked.

Perenniality and decomposability of belowground coarse organs can differ greatly from that of fine roots.

We call for the inclusion of belowground coarse organs and their functions, especially in carbon cycling research.

Such inclusive approach can refine mitigation policies and our view on the functioning and conservation of open biomes.