Campo Rupestre (CR) occurs in the ecotone Cerrado-Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspots.

CR epitomizes the conflicts between exploitative and sustainable socioeconomic models.

We propose and describe the Action Plan for the Campo Rupestre (APCR).

The APCR aims to reconcile the socio-economic and environmental values in the CR.

Primate, carnivores and cetacean are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Mutations of viral spike protein can produce virus variants favoring the spillover.

We suggest prioritizing monitoring efforts on susceptible species here mentioned.

Conservation practice and policy draw on information from a range of disciplines.

A publication bias limits the dissemination of negative findings.

This bias restricts and distorts the evidence used to inform conservation.

Both positive and negative findings can provide valuable evidence for conservation.

Addressing such bias requires the efforts of scientists, practitioners, policy-makers, editors and reviewers.

Changes in Brazil's legislation threaten conservation of ironstone campos rupestres.

There is no ecological equivalence between ironstone and quartzite campos rupestres.

Specific offset methods are needed to avoid the destruction of ironstone ecosystems.

Pandemics can become a new indirect driver of tropical deforestation.

Halting illegal deforestation should be considered an essential activity during the pandemic.

Forest fires could aggravate the health risks of COVID-19.

Tropical deforestation will increase the risks of emerging zoonotic diseases.

Indigenous people should be especially protected during the current pandemic.

The lowland tapir was the most recorded species using the underpasses.

Tapir underpass use summed more than 180 tons of biomass that crossed safely under the highway.

Mammal species assemblages differed among use in cattle boxes and drainage culverts.

Traffic activity on the highway peaked opposite to the activity peak of the mammals in the crossings.

Countries with limited financial resources should consider retrofitting of existing highway underpasses.

Eastern Brazilian montane birds shall experience range and altitudinal shifts.

Potential displacements probably will result in local extinctions.

Nine endemic birds should be threatened in the near future.

Five montane regions are highlighted for conservation of endemic birds.

Public policies and research are urgently needed for conservation of these species.

Abnormally alopecic wild mammals may have increased in Chile between 2004 and 2008.

The two more affected groups were foxes (Lycalopex sp.) and South American camelids.

Testing of Andean foxes suggests that sarcoptic mange is the likely cause in this species.

The need of further data highlights the necessity of a Wildlife Health Program.

Riparian deforestation may strongly affect stream functioning, with consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services.

We evaluated the effects of riparian deforestation on 1. measures of community structure using aquatic benthic invertebrates, and 2. an aspect of ecosystem functioning, aquatic leaf processing.

Both structural and functional measures changed with riparian deforestation: invertebrate diversity decreased and metrics changed as expected of a negative impact, and leaf processing decreased.

Thus both types of bioindicators were useful for monitoring changes and relating them to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function.

Human carnivory threatens one-quarter of all vertebrates.

This is a higher impact than that of other major aspects of human ecology.

Human carnivory impacts wild vertebrates through multiple and ubiquitous mechanisms.

Terrestrial and freshwater species are mainly affected by livestock production and predation.

Aquatic species are mostly affected by predation and bycatch.

The endemic Noronha skink (Trachylepis atlantica) is strongly depredated by rats, cats and lizards at Fernando de Noronha.

Feral cats are the main threat to endemic terrestrial wildlife and seabirds.

Tegu lizards and black rats present strong marine signature in their tissues, probably derived from seabird colonies.

Invasive rodents, as a food item, could be contributing to the persistence of feral cat and tegu lizard populations.

As forest habitat loss progresses, functional overdispersion increases among related species.

The loss of forest habitat causes the local extinction of functionally similar bird species.

Removing functionally similar species leads to a reduction in functional redundancy.

Competition is more important than neutral processes in small forest habitat.

We investigated the strength of trophic cascades through bird exclusion.

Trophic cascades are three times stronger in forest interior than modified habitats.

Leaf damage, however, does not change with habitat modification.

Functional redundancy of birds may offset loss in their ecological function.