Most often read
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Power lines are a major cause of bird mortality due to electrocutions and collisions.
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This threat has been poorly studied in South America.
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Scientific and grey literature suggest this threat is present in this subcontinent.
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A total of 85 bird species from 34 families affected by power lines were identified.
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More studies assessing bird mortality due to this threat in South America are needed.

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More than 12% of the watersheds of the Brazilian Amazon already have or are approaching natural forest cover below 30% and more than a third have below 80%.
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Regions of the Amazon already forest cover below the average of the Atlantic Forest.
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We propose learning policy lessons from the Atlantic Forest to avoid the same trajectory as the Amazon.
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They need to be implemented urgently to stop the route towards its tipping point, address the climate emergency and assure the provision of ecosystem services.

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Identifying and mapping strategic areas is a starting point for conservation and restoration actions.
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Different participator perspectives allow changes in the methodology originally adopted.
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The participatory approach provides highly effective and assessable mapping prioritization.

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There is room for expansion in the academic engagement with businesses in Brazil, notably in issues related to biodiversity and sustainability.
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To tackle existing issues: offsets, licensing, and private reserves are fronts for engagement between academia and businesses in Brazil.
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To tap into new opportunities: sustainable bioeconomy, access and benefit sharing, and environmental, social, and corporate governance are topics whereby academia-businesses partnerships in Brazil can innovate.
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A mindset shift in academia and corporations will be required to foster sustainable businesses from a biodiversity perspective.

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Limited Global South participation and parachute science hampers tropical ecology.
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Upgrades in equity, diversity and inclusion rooted in the Global South are essential.
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Tropical conservation practices must be led by local researchers and stakeholders.
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Recognition of science in the Global South may improve through outreach.
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International research must provide equitable workloads and recognition to Global South researchers.

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Brazil has the highest number of threatened avian taxa.
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Taxa eligibility for ex situ conservation is not correlated to level of threat.
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Larger taxa with easily replicable diets are predominant in ex situ conservation facilities.
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Presence in traffic favors taxa eligibility for ex situ conservation plans.
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Ex situ conservation reach is constrained by the lack of experimentation and of risk-taking.

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References are key to restoration, especially in highly threatened ecosystems.
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Optimal references connect conservation and restoration.
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Small remnants that serve as references can lead to landscape-scale benefits.
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A detailed habitat classification is needed for adequate protection and restoration.
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Ensuring optimal references protection will benefit future restoration initiatives.

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Colombia covers over half of key wintering areas for migratory birds in South America.
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Most of the migrants’ overwinter range overlaps with working landscapes.
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Priority national restoration/rehabilitation areas are ineffective to benefit migrants.
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Forest conservation needs actions involving vulnerable and minority groups.

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The KBA Standards may not be scalable to all biodiversity.
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If everywhere can be a Key Biodiversity Area, nowhere is “Key”.
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If any area is “Key” the assessment process is solely based on manageability.

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We evaluated 7 water-related ES in landscapes with different proportions between eucalyptus and natural forests.
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There is a threshold close to 20% of forest coverage below which ES supply tends to become unsustainable.
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The highest gain to the seven ES occurs in catchments with natural forest cover over 45%.
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Erosion control was the service most linked to natural forest decrease.

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Damage costs from biological invasions and natural hazards are of similar magnitude.
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Global biological invasion costs increased by 702% from 1980–1999 to 2000–2019.
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Invasion costs increased faster than natural hazard damages over time (1980–2019).

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Not all invasive grasses would be equally affected by climate change.
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Range retractions are projected for some species regardless of the scenario.
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We expect species niches to shift to areas not yet occupied.
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Arundo donax had the greatest range expansion in the SSP3 and SSP5 scenarios.

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Secondary and old-growth subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forests are acting as carbon sink.
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Biodiversity is not related to net carbon change in this region.
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Subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forests should be conserved irrespective to their ages to maintain carbon sink.
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Biodiversity and carbon-related processes should be taken as conservation targets.

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Forest loss leads to decline in tree species richness.
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Species richness is effective for recording biodiversity responses to deforestation.
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Extinction debt might not be masking long-term effects of deforestation.
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High conservation value of disturbed forests, in terms of evolutionary history.
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Disturbed forests are partly maintaining ecosystem function now, and in the future.

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Protecting further 6.75% of the Cerrado doubles representation of endemic tetrapods.
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Larger priority areas for conservation are concentrated in northern Cerrado.
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Small and m edium priority areas are scattered across southern Cerrado.
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Our ability to represent endemic terrestrial vertebrates decreased with recent habitat loss.
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Habitat loss precludes the representation of tetrapods in large top priority areas.

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The role of intraspecific variation across levels of biological organization is an unanswered question in invaded and non-invaded pollination networks.
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Significant intraspecific variation was detected in the pollen loads and pollen deposition of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera.
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Only a few individual pollinators carried large amounts of alien pollen grains, potentially function as super-spreaders driving the invading process.
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Node and structural specialization were higher for individual-based and pollen-transfer networks in comparison to species-level and pollen-transport networks.
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These findings shed light on the mechanisms of the (re)organization of population niches and the invasion biology dynamics scaling-up to community and ecosystem functioning.

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A country-level database of useful native plants is provided.
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Plant families with high species richness have a high number of useful species.
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Plant species with great cultural importance are frequent in the landscape.
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70% of useful native plant species are used exclusively in one region.
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Differences in the plants used reflect the biogeographical affinities between regions.

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Diel activity of 45% of birds and 36% of mammals assessed significantly changed in areas with higher human pressures.
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In general Mammals became more nocturnal, while birds became more diurnal.
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For birds increased diurnality may not be strongly associated with direct human pressures like hunting, and instead with habitat disturbance.
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Our results align with other studies that show increased nocturnality for mammals in areas with high human pressure.
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Opposing behavioural responses to humans among vertebrates have repercussions for intraguild predation, competition and conservation considerations.

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We identified 52 community-based monitoring projects on game terrestrial fauna in the tropics.
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Most of these initiatives (86%) were interrupted due the lack of funding.
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The absence of spatio-temporal data analyses prevented the provision of information on monitored resource.
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The empowerment and management actions were hampered by the lack of local participation.
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Community-based approaches will be more efficient if they engage local people at all stages of the monitoring.

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We extracted hummingbird-plant data from an online photograph platform.
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Data were compared with expert collected data, available in the literature.
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There were some similarities between citizen and expert data.
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For the hummingbirds, overlap in plant species interacting was generally low.
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Unstructured citizen science data can be a rich source of interaction information.
