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Populations of five species and a jaguar breeding program have been established.
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High quality communication and learning from animals responses are lessons learned.
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Importance of suitable habitat, long-term commitment and solid and flexible teams.
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Iberá Rewilding Program represents a model for proactive conservation in the Americas.
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Rewilding envisages restoring ecosystem functions by counteracting defaunation.
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Interactions affect the fate of introduced individuals and community responses.
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Network models help predicting how an introduced species integrates the food web.
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Networks can help predicting and monitoring community-level outcomes.
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Feasibility and risk analyses of rewilding can benefit from a network approach.
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Community-based conservation programs can be an effective tool to promote conservation.
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Enforced hunting guidelines comprise a critical step in establishing conservation strategies.
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Spatial zoning of harvest areas can become a window of opportunity to conserve iconic species.
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Rewilding is more than species (re-)introductions.
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Rewilding also produces ecological restoration and social impacts.
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South American projects can develop contextually appropriate rewilding approaches.
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There are many opportunities to study and implement rewilding in South America.
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We provide megafauna base-lines for trophic rewilding in the Neotropics.
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Historical (1500 CE) and Pleistocene-Holocene prehistoric baselines are estimated.
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Estimated potential distributions indicate strong scope for trophic rewilding.
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Up to >20 species missing in many regions and biomes under the prehistoric baseline.
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Many areas have strongly reduced diversities for a range of functional subgroups.
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Guanaco rewilding has been proposed as a way to contribute to restoration of woodlands in central Chile.
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We examine the distribution of high and low quality espinal and sclerophyllous woodlands in central Chile, across ENSO conditions.
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We find that least-cost paths for guanaco movement connect both high and low quality woodlands, and all woodland types, in each year.
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We proposed the rewilding of tortoise to seed large seed dispersion.
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We used local suitability and food availability to propose rewilding.
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The proposed rewilding areas were compared with high defaunation intensity.
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We described the first refaunation program in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Agoutis and howlers monkeys were reintroduced to restore seed dispersal.
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We show evidence that refaunation is restoring ecological interactions.
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Our experience shows that rewilding initiatives can be less costly than expected.