Fire incidence in Brazil increased in 2019−2020, with unprecedented magnitude in the Pantanal.

Fire effects vary according to the evolutionary history of the affected ecosystem.

A drier climate and land use changes increase the risk of wildfires throughout Brazil.

Poor governance further exacerbates the risk and damage of wildfires.

Fire policies must be improved by collaboration among different sectors of the society.

Grassy ecosystems in South America have developed under grazing by large herbivores until the Early Holocene.

The grassy biomes need grazing animals and/or fire to maintain their biodiversity and ecological characteristics.

Grazing in the Legal Reserve can represent a social process with benefits for land users and biodiversity conservation.

Knowledge on grazing in Brazil’s grassy ecosystems should be developed by researchers and stakeholders.

Changes in the Brazilian semi-arid coast reveal key questions to advance research.

Changes in the semi-arid coast can have consequences in the ecological stability and connectivity.

Modifications of the coastal dynamics can impact structure and function of adjacent marine ecosystems.

Semi-arid coast community dynamics under ongoing climate change should be monitored.

Beaches and nearshore mangroves erosion contrast with mangrove expansion inland.

STREAM framework facilitates enhanced DNA data generation.

Community-based DNA biomonitoring can address data deficiencies.

Environmental stewardship and Indigenous partnership are valuable for biomonitoring.

Selective logging impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services in a chronosequence.

Two types of drivers lead the exploitation: forest supply and access.

Logging is higher in forests with higher tree abundance and biomass.

Forest areas with lesser supply but easier accessed are also exploited.

Harvest occurs in more accessible areas, and its intensity depends on the supply.

Domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), affect birdlife in various ways, including predation.

Besides direct predation, birds caught by cats and dogs after collisions with windows represents an unexplored human cause of avian mortality.

Bird-window collisions should be incorporated into the assessment of bird predation by cats and dogs.

Minimizing the number of cats and dogs per household and the time spent outdoors would help reduce avian mortality.

Climate change needs considering in seven areas of restoration design/implementation.

These range from objective setting through to monitoring and adaptive management.

Evidence is scant for climate change resilient restoration in practice.

Our framework can help structure a more climate change resilient restoration approach.

Private reserves preserve the environmental heterogeneity found in the PEC.

Mammals, in general, are the least studied vertebrate groups in the PEC.

The western region of the PEC presents the highest sampling relevance of vertebrates.

Sites with the highest sampling relevance are most threatened by fragmentation.

We determined how soundscape complexity and ecological integrity are related.

Acoustically richer soundscapes were linked to higher ecological integrity.

Relationship between acoustic complexity and integrity was influenced by daily variation.

Acoustic complexity serves as an indicator of the ecosystem health.

Soundscape analysis is a feasible approach for monitoring and conservation of the landscape.

Brazilian Merganser has few suitable areas remaining for its three populations.

Several small hydroelectric plants are planned in areas where the species inhabits.

A high amount of suitable area used by the species is not within Protected Areas.

A fifth of the suitable areas are covered by anthropogenic land use, mainly pasture.

Brazilian Merganser situation is critical, calling for urgent conservation actions.

Forest regeneration is frequent on steeper slopes (>10%) formerly used for cattle ranching.

Forest regeneration is frequent closer to older forest patches and permanent rivers.

Biophysical factors as slope and altitude affect farmer’s decisions on land abandonment.

Forest regeneration is inversely related to the economic dependence on farm’s income.

Fluctuating market demands can encourage deforestation or land abandonment.

The palm species of the South Brazilian grasslands are at risk.

In this region, climate and land-use changes increase threats to palm species.

The synergistic effects of these threats increase the risk of extinction of species.

With no future dispersal, palm species are likely to face a drastic range reduction.

Current protected areas in the region are not sufficient to protect palm species.

Direct/indirect sample methods combined gave best occupancy/detection estimates.

Detection probability was high and positively related with macrophyte coverage.

Final occupancy estimate can be baseline to Purus River long-term monitoring studies.

Hierarchical model potential to know aquatic mammals distribution.

Our data support the selection of priority areas for the species’ conservation.

Urge for combining local and broad scales to evaluate human impact on biodiversity.

A new niche modelling framework predicting the species richness at different scales.

Climate and landscape metrics joint uncover the land-use effect on species richness.

Landscape modification as the main driver of Atlantic butterfly richness decrease.

A guide for conservation actions based on predicted species richness combinations.

Most tree ferns will lose suitable areas due to climate change.

Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. may become more threatened as a result of constraints in its distribution.

In all scenarios, subtropical tree ferns assemblages in the Atlantic Forest will become less rich.

Neglecting the uncertainties arising from the choice of global circulation models can lead to inaccurate conclusions.

Scientific interest is necessary but insufficient when determining protected areas.

French procedures for creating protected areas show various land-use conflicts.

A clear understanding of implementation decisions is necessary to reach conservation goals.

Local authorities can constitute a proxy to seize conservation opportunities.

Social sciences and interdisciplinary research are necessary for resolving conservation issues.

Domestic cats move far away from the household infrequently.

Cats often used native forest (12% of fixes), overlapping with guignas (L. guigna).

House proximity to forest edge (>200 m) strongly predicts the use of forest by cats.

Land subdivision, low human care and lack of control can exacerbate cats' impacts.